By Dr. Tom Allen

A report in The HORSE magazine recently describes a study in which the possibility of damage to teeth could be caused from overheating during the use of power equipment in equine dentistry.  The study was reported at the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) (horse vets) while I attended the annual convention in Orlando, Florida in December 2002, by Dr. Gordon Baker.  The study found that increased temperature reading could be caused by the rotary instruments if left in place too long on any given tooth.  It also mentions that water-cooled surfaces will not experience the rise in temperature. 

 

But Here is How the Study Was Conducted

A series of teeth were taken from horse skulls, isolated, with no adjacent teeth, and with no normal bone or gum tissue or cheek touching them.  Then a PowerFloat was applied to each tooth for varying amounts of time and the temperature of the teeth was recorded with a measuring device embedded in them.

 The findings were that after a full minute of grinding at full speed in one spot a temperature rise was found, but not a damaging rise.  With increased application-two full minutes – a rise in temperature was recorded which would indeed be harmful to living teeth.  Water-cooled application was mentioned as being helpful. 

     

A guarded carbide burr used in equilibration

          A rotary bur is used to apply bit seats.

 

Interpretation

 

The interpretation of this study by many respected horse dentistry colleagues and myself is that, while one certainly could cause damage from heat, the instrument is kept in continual motion during the process of providing thorough dentistry for horses, and any large portions of protruding tooth are done in smaller increments, interspersed with work in other areas in the patient’s oral cavity, break times and massaging the patient’s temporal muscles, rinsing the horse’s mouth, showing the owner their horse’s malocclusions, charting, drawing up additional sedative, etc.

It is also true that, in the hands of experienced equine dental practitioners, power dental instruments have been used for over 15 years in horses without evidence of thermal damage as a result.  It is also interesting to note that in a text written in the early 1900’s, a foot-peddle-powered drill for grinding horses’ teeth when dentistry was being  performed on our main source of transportation. 

Undoubtedly, one could cause damage with these instruments, as with any method of performing dental care, but the likelihood decreases with the use of good judgment, precision and common sense.  It is also true that power instruments have been in use for a long time in human dentistry, which of course deals with much smaller teeth, which could be damaged much more rapidly than a massive horse tooth, yet the problem is rare even in our own teeth.  We would be unappreciative if our own dentist reverted back to using outdated, un-mechanized dental instruments complete with an ether sedative or a swallow of bottled spirits, no local anesthetic and assistants to hold us down so dental procedures could be performed.


 

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